There is no cure for diabetes. It is believed that the goal of therapeutic measures is achieved when blood glucose levels are at normal levels, which is the prevention of complications. Treatment includes diet therapy, exercise, drug therapy and prevention of complications.
Diet for diabetes is the basis of treatment. Proper nutrition helps to improve the condition and cope with the symptoms. Yes, you will need to radically review your diet and diet. Yes, you should give up sweets and fats. And yes, there will be many restrictions on your diet. Does not the prospect of eating cabbage and black bread throughout your life inspire you? Do not worry!
Diet for type 1 and type 2 diabetes can be different. The main thing is to understand what you can eat and what you can not eat.
Focus: carbohydrates
Carbohydrates are the main supplier of energy. In diabetes, they should be 50-60% of the energy value of the diet. Carbohydrate-containing foods are conventionally divided into two groups:
- Fast (simple) carbohydrates. They are absorbed within 15-20 minutes after consumption and lead to an immediate rise in blood sugar. These are any dessert, starch, sugar, potatoes, white bread, oatmeal and rice cereals. Their use will have to be abandoned.
- Slow (complex) carbohydrates are absorbed within a few hours. These are almost all cereals, whole grain breads, vegetables, fruits, berries. They can and should be consumed, but you will need to strictly control the quantity.
Cucumbers, tomatoes, cabbage, zucchini, eggplant, lettuce, sorrel, spinach, rhubarb, radish, radish, cranberry, lemon, apple and plum can be consumed up to 600-800 g per day. Can be eaten carrots, beets, onions, Swedish, celery, sweet peppers, beans, citrus fruits, cherries, pears, peaches, berries, strawberries, raspberries, currants, eggplant, blueberries, sweet apple varietieslimited. From the diet, you will need to strictly limit potatoes and completely exclude pineapples, bananas, pomegranates, cherries and cherries, dates, grapes and dried fruits.
Of great importance are dietary fiber, which is found in plant foods that can lower blood sugar. Brussels sprouts, cabbage, lemons, onions, garlic, oats, legumes, green beans, broccoli, cauliflower, lettuce and some other foods have hypoglycemic effect.
If refusing sweets is difficult to tolerate, your doctor will advise you which sugar substitutes are best used in each case and in what quantity.
fats
The amount of animal fats is reduced in the diet. This is especially true for refractory fats of animal origin - lamb, pork, fatty beef, duck, goose. You can not eat foods rich in cholesterol (heart, liver and other underwear). Preference should be given to easily soluble fats of plant origin.
You can not completely reject fats, without them you will not get fat-soluble vitamins and omega-6 and omega-3 unsaturated fatty acids. They should be 25-30% of the energy value of the diet.
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Proteins, as a rule, require more than physiological norms. They compensate for the energy value of the diet by reducing the amount of fats and carbohydrates.
You should get about 20% of your calories from protein. At the same time, 55% of the total amount of protein is animal protein.
Lean beef, rabbit, turkey, fish, chicken, eggs, cottage cheese and other dairy products are recommended, as well as legumes and protein from specialized SBCS products.
Dietary guidelines for diabetes
- Forget fried, smoked and salted. Products must be boiled, steamed, baked.
- The daily amount of food is divided into 5-6 meals. This promotes an even absorption of carbohydrates and helps avoid sudden rises in blood sugar. Breakfast should make up 25% of the energy intensity of the diet, for lunch - 10-15%, for lunch - 25%, for afternoon tea - 5-10%, for dinner - 25% and for the second dinner - 5-10%.
- It is advisable to take food at the same time, strictly adhering to the diet. This is especially important in insulin-dependent diabetes.
- The caloric content of food should be almost the same every day.
- It is necessary to follow the drinking regimen recommended by the doctor.
A reasonable and balanced approach to nutrition is the basis for good health in diabetes. Do not forget about moderate physical activity and weight loss. They will help you feel better and live longer.